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Insectivorous birds consume annually as much energy as the city of New York
The world’s insectivorous birds consume annually 400 to 500 million tons of prey and they thereby use as much energy as the megacity New York. This is demonstrated by calculations by zoologists in the journal “The Science of Nature.” Especially in forested areas insectivorous birds play a significant role in the suppression of pest insects.
09 July 2018
Insectivorous birds, represented by more than 6,000 species, are found across the world in all major land ecosystems. The fact that they are extremely useful as natural enemies of herbivorous insects had been known for some time. Zoologists at the University of Basel, the University of Utah (Salt Lake City), the University of Illinois (Chicago), and Koç University (Istanbul) have now used calculations to highlight their global ecological importance.
Comparable to human consumption of meat and fish
Based on these estimates, the world’s insectivorous birds have a total weight of around 3 million tons. Every year they eat 400 to 500 million tons of insects and other arthropods such as millipedes and spiders. Thus, the world’s insectivorous birds annually consume about the same amount of energy as a megacity the size of New York, which has a value of about 2.8 exajoules.
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Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) with dragonflies in beak, Germany (Photo © Rolf Nagel)link.zoom -
Male House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) feeding fledgling with beetle larva, Shrewsbury, UK (Photo ©: Maurice Baker)link.zoom -
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Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) with dragon fly in beak, Switzerland (Photo © Rolf Nussbaumer)link.zoom -
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Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) with a grasshopper prey in beak, Sri Lanka (Photo: www.walkthewilderness.net)link.zoom
The amount of food consumed by insectivorous birds is similar to that of the human world population, which according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) consumes about 400 million tons of meat and fish per year. Furthermore, according to previous estimates the global spider community is known to consume between 400 and 800 million tons annually.
Importance of forest birds
Forest birds eat about 300 million tons which is roughly three quarters of the world's prey biomass gathered by the insectivorous birds. On the other hand, much less insects are consumed in the remaining ecosystems such as grasslands, savannas, cropland, deserts and arctic tundra. Especially during the breeding period, when the birds feed protein-rich prey to their nestlings, billions of herbivorous insects are captured including potentially damaging caterpillars and beetles. “In doing so, birds – in concert with other natural enemies such as spiders and ants – contribute to natural insect pest suppression resulting in reduced herbivore damage,“ states PD Dr Martin Nyffeler, who led the study at the University of Basel.
Original source
Martin Nyffeler, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Christopher J. Whelan
Insectivorous birds consume an estimated 400-500 million tons of prey annually
The Science of Nature (2018), Volume 105 | doi: org/10.1007/s00114-018-1571-z doi: org/10.1007/s00114-018-1571-z
Further information
PD Dr. Martin Nyffeler, Universität Basel, Departement Umweltwissenschaften, Naturschutzbiologie, phone Tel. +41 61 702 07 03, E-Mail: martin.nyffeler@unibas.ch
